S 281 · 119th Congress

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TICKET Act

ticket feesconsumer protectionlive eventsspeculative ticketingprice transparency
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Last action 2025-04-29

Sponsored by Sen. Schmitt, Eric [R-MO] (R) — MO

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Would require all ticket sellers — including resellers and secondary-market exchanges — to display the full, all-in price of event tickets from the first moment a ticket is shown to a consumer, and to ban 'speculative ticketing,' where sellers advertise tickets they do not yet possess.

The bill addresses widespread consumer complaints about hidden fees and bait-and-switch pricing in the live-event ticketing industry, and would give the Federal Trade Commission authority to enforce the new rules.

What this bill would do

What it would do

The bill would require ticket issuers, secondary-market resellers, and ticket exchanges to display the total all-in price of an event ticket — including all fees — whenever a price is shown to a consumer, whether in advertisements, listings, or during checkout. Before completing a purchase, sellers would also have to provide an itemized breakdown of the base ticket price and every additional charge. The bill would ban speculative ticketing: sellers who do not actually possess a ticket could not sell or advertise it. Secondary-market sellers offering a ticket-procurement service would be allowed only if they clearly distinguish it from an actual ticket, do not guarantee a ticket will be obtained, and do not market the service as a ticket itself.

Additional provisions would require sellers to disclose whether they are a secondary-market reseller, prohibit false claims of affiliation with venues, teams, or artists, and bar use of a venue's name in a website domain without authorization. Sellers would also be required to issue full refunds for canceled events and, in most cases of postponement beyond six months, offer purchasers a refund or a comparable replacement ticket. The Federal Trade Commission would enforce all requirements as unfair or deceptive trade practices, and would submit a report to Congress within six months on enforcement of the Better Online Ticket Sales Act of 2016.

Key provisions

  1. 1Would require ticket sellers to display the total all-in ticket price — including all fees — whenever any price is shown in ads, listings, or during checkout.Sec. 2
  2. 2Would require sellers to provide an itemized breakdown of the base price and every fee before purchase is completed.Sec. 2
  3. 3Would ban speculative ticketing: sellers without actual or constructive possession of a ticket could not sell, offer for sale, or advertise it.Sec. 3
  4. 4Would require secondary-market sellers to disclose they are resellers, and prohibit false claims of affiliation with venues, teams, or artists unless a formal agreement exists.Sec. 4
  5. 5Would require full refunds for canceled events and, for postponements over six months, give purchasers the option of a refund or a comparable replacement ticket.Sec. 5
  6. 6Would direct the FTC to submit a report to Congress within six months on enforcement of the Better Online Ticket Sales Act of 2016.Sec. 6
  7. 7Would designate violations as unfair or deceptive acts or practices, enforceable by the FTC under the FTC Act.Sec. 7

Who would be affected

Consumers who buy tickets to live concerts, theatrical performances, sporting events, and similar activities at venues with capacity over 200 people. Ticket issuers (primary sellers), secondary-market resellers, and ticket exchange platforms would all face new disclosure and conduct requirements. Venues, artists, and sports teams are indirectly affected through the anti-impersonation and domain-name provisions.

Why it matters

Consumers who have encountered surprise fees at checkout — often equal to a large fraction of the base ticket price — would see those costs disclosed upfront, making price comparison more meaningful. The speculative ticketing ban would prevent sellers from advertising tickets that may not exist or be deliverable, reducing a category of consumer harm that has been difficult to address under existing law.

What would change

Changes to existing law

Amends Better Online Ticket Sales Act of 2016 (Public Law 114-274; 15 U.S.C. 45c) (Sec. 6)

Incorporates its definitions of 'event ticket' and 'ticket issuer' by reference; requires an FTC enforcement report on the Act.

Amends Federal Trade Commission Act (15 U.S.C. 41 et seq.) (Sec. 7)

Classifies violations of the TICKET Act as unfair or deceptive acts or practices under Section 18(a)(1)(B), subject to FTC enforcement powers and penalties.

Agencies directed to act

Federal Trade Commission

Effective dates

  • All-in price disclosure, speculative ticketing ban, and refund requirementsSec. 2Within 180 days of enactment
  • FTC report to Congress on BOTS Act enforcementSec. 6Within 180 days of enactment

Funding and costs

Congressional Budget Office estimate

CBO estimates that S. 281, the TICKET Act, would impose private-sector mandates whose aggregate compliance costs would exceed the UMRA threshold of $206 million (in 2025, adjusted for inflation).

CBO found that the TICKET Act would impose private-sector mandates — as defined under the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act (UMRA) — on ticket sellers and resellers by requiring changes to the ticketing process, including new refund policies. CBO estimates the aggregate cost to comply with these mandates would be above the UMRA private-sector threshold of $206 million in 2025, adjusted annually for inflation. The estimate was prepared as ordered reported by the Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation on February 5, 2025. CBO did not identify any intergovernmental mandates in the bill.

View the full CBO cost estimate

How implementation would work

Most requirements take effect 180 days after enactment, giving the ticketing industry a phase-in window. The Federal Trade Commission would treat violations as unfair or deceptive acts or practices under the FTC Act, using its existing enforcement powers — including civil penalties — without needing new rulemaking. Within six months of enactment, the FTC must also report to Congress on its track record enforcing the Better Online Ticket Sales Act of 2016, including coordination challenges with state attorneys general and recommendations for improvement. No new grant programs or agency offices are created.

Legislative status & sources

Latest action

Placed on Senate Legislative Calendar under General Orders. Calendar No. 63.

2025-04-29

Official CRS summary

Show the CRS summary

This bill requires ticket sellers (including sellers on the secondary market) for concerts, performances, sporting events, and similar activities to clearly and prominently disclose the total ticket price for the event at the time the ticket is first displayed to an individual (and anytime thereafter during the purchasing process). Prior to completing a purchase, ticket sellers also must provide an itemized list of the base ticket price and each fee (e.g., service fee, processing fee, or other charge). The total ticket price must also be disclosed in any advertisement, marketing, or price list.

Additionally, a ticket seller, secondary market seller, or ticket exchange that does not have actual or constructive possession of an event ticket is prohibited from selling or advertising a ticket for the event. However, a secondary market seller or exchange may sell or advertise a service to obtain an event ticket for an individual if the seller or exchange (1) does not market the service as an event ticket, (2) maintains a clear separation between the provided service and the event tickets throughout the entire purchasing process, and (3) clearly discloses that the service is not an event ticket.

The bill establishes additional disclosure requirements for ticket sellers, secondary market sellers, and ticket exchanges, and requires such entities to issue a refund for the total ticket price if an event is canceled or postponed.

The Federal Trade Commission must enforce these requirements.

From the Congressional Research Service.

Legislative subjects

Commerce; Competition and antitrust; Consumer affairs; Inflation and prices; Marketing and advertising; Service industries; User charges and fees

Committee report

S. Rept. 119-17

Congressional Bill

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S 281: TICKET Act | Legislation Reporter