Farm, Food, and National Security Act of 2026
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The Farm, Food, and National Security Act of 2026 would reauthorize and update most federal farm and food programs through fiscal year 2031, covering commodity price supports, crop insurance, conservation, food aid, farm credit, rural development, and nutrition assistance under SNAP.
As a comprehensive farm bill spanning twelve titles, it would touch nearly every corner of American agriculture and rural life, from dairy pricing and forest wildfire management to foreign land-ownership restrictions and school meal 'Buy American' rules, making it one of the most consequential pieces of legislation Congress considers roughly every five years.
What this bill would do
What it would do
The bill would reauthorize commodity support programs (price loss coverage, marketing loans, dairy programs), conservation programs (Conservation Reserve Program, Environmental Quality Incentives Program, Regional Conservation Partnership Program), crop insurance, and rural development and research programs through fiscal year 2031, generally extending funding levels and updating eligibility, payment limits, and administrative rules. It would restructure SNAP administrative provisions, expand online purchasing, and change eligible foods; overhaul international food aid by transferring Food for Peace authority from USAID to the Department of Agriculture; and create new programs such as a Specialty Crop Emergency Assistance Framework, a Feral Swine Eradication Program, a Forest Conservation Easement Program, and Giant Sequoia protection measures. It would also tighten restrictions on foreign ownership and purchase of U.S. agricultural land by countries such as China and Russia, streamline environmental reviews for some forestry and grazing activities, and reform crop insurance and grain-standards administration. The bill does not create new entitlement categories outside existing farm-bill program structures, and most provisions take effect upon enactment unless a specific date is stated.
Key provisions
- 1Would extend commodity price support, marketing loan, and dairy programs, and create a new Specialty Crop Emergency Assistance Framework for disaster-affected producers
- 2Would reauthorize and modify major conservation programs including the Conservation Reserve Program, Environmental Quality Incentives Program, and Regional Conservation Partnership Program through FY2031
- 3Would transfer Food for Peace Act authority from USAID to the Secretary of Agriculture and reorganize international food aid programs
- 4Would modify SNAP administrative rules, expand online purchasing authority, and adjust eligible foods and retailer requirements
- 5Would raise farm ownership and operating loan limits and expand Farm Credit System lending authorities
- 6Would reauthorize rural broadband, water, and health-facility grant and loan programs through FY2031
- 7Would restrict and require reporting on foreign purchases of U.S. agricultural land by countries designated state sponsors of terrorism or foreign adversaries
Who would be affected
Farmers, ranchers, and specialty crop producers who rely on commodity support, crop insurance, and conservation payments; SNAP recipients and retailers; international food aid recipients and USAID-related staff transitioning to USDA; foreign investors and landowners of U.S. farmland; forest and rangeland managers; rural communities seeking broadband, water, and health-facility grants; and USDA agencies administering these programs.
Why it matters
Because the bill resets funding and rules for the entire federal agriculture and nutrition system for five years, its provisions determine farm income stability, food assistance access for low-income households, conservation practices affecting land and water, and how quickly the U.S. responds to wildfires, foreign animal disease, and foreign land acquisitions—stakes that reach growers, consumers, and rural economies nationwide.
What would change
Changes to existing law
Amends Agricultural Act of 2014 (Sec. 1001)
Extends suspension of permanent price support authority and modifies tree assistance, dairy, and disaster program provisions through FY2031
Amends Food Security Act of 1985 (Title II)
Reauthorizes and revises Conservation Reserve Program, EQIP, conservation stewardship, and easement programs through FY2031
Amends Food for Peace Act (Sec. 3101, 3103)
Transfers implementation authority from USAID Administrator to the Secretary of Agriculture and repeals minimum assistance levels
Amends Food and Nutrition Act of 2008 (SNAP) (Title IV, Subtitle A)
Adds staffing flexibility, online purchasing authority, prohibited fee provisions, and eligible food changes
Amends Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act (Title V; Sec. 12420)
Raises loan limits, creates food supply chain guaranteed loans, and expands eligibility for commercial fishing and fish processing
Amends Agricultural Foreign Investment Disclosure Act of 1978 (Sec. 12301, 12303)
Increases civil penalties, adds public disclosure requirements, and creates a Chief of Operations for investigative enforcement
Amends Healthy Forests Restoration Act of 2003 (Title VIII, Subtitle B)
Reauthorizes hazardous fuel reduction funding and expands stewardship contracting project sizes and terms
Agencies directed to act
Effective dates
- Most commodity, conservation, trade, and research program authorizations
- Transfer of Food for Peace Act authorities from USAID to USDA
- Buy American school meal requirement changes
- Farm Credit System institution rural community facilities financing authority
Funding and costs
- $2,530,000,000
Commodity Credit Corporation conservation and commodity program funding
- $3,255,000,000
Commodity Credit Corporation conservation and commodity program funding
- $200,000,000
Local Farmers Feeding Our Communities Program
- $400,000,000
Biorefinery Assistance Program loan guarantees per project
- $50,000,000
Tree Planting Grant Program to reduce residential energy consumption
- such sums as may be necessary
Numerous reauthorized conservation, research, and rural development programs
Congressional Budget Office estimate
CBO estimates that total changes in direct spending under H.R. 7567, the Farm, Food, and National Security Act of 2026, would be zero over the 2026–2036 period.
CBO estimates that the net effect on direct spending (mandatory outlays) from H.R. 7567 would be zero over the 2026–2036 scoring window, after a correction issued February 23, 2026 fixed a $1 million spreadsheet error in Title VII tables. The bill extends and amends a wide range of Department of Agriculture programs, including income support, food and nutrition, land conservation, trade promotion, rural development, research, forestry, and horticulture. CBO also found that the bill would impose intergovernmental and private-sector mandates, though the publication page does not specify whether those mandates exceed the statutory thresholds.
How implementation would work
USDA agencies (Farm Service Agency, Natural Resources Conservation Service, Forest Service, Risk Management Agency, and others) would issue regulations, update program handbooks, and administer grant, loan, and payment cycles under revised statutory formulas and deadlines set throughout the bill. Many provisions direct USDA to establish new offices, advisory committees, or interagency working groups (e.g., Office of Biotechnology Policy, Specialty Crop Advisory Committee, Rio Grande Valley Agricultural Water Interagency Working Group) and to submit periodic reports to the House and Senate Agriculture Committees. The Food for Peace transfer requires USDA to promulgate rules re-issuing USAID's prior regulations. Enforcement of new foreign land-ownership restrictions would involve coordination with the Committee on Foreign Investment in the United States and require new interagency reporting. Grant programs generally require applications, priority criteria, and periodic congressional reporting on outcomes.
Legislative status & sources
Latest action
Received in the Senate.
Official CRS summary
Show the CRS summaryHide the CRS summary
This bill (commonly known as the farm bill) reauthorizes through FY2031 and modifies Department of Agriculture programs that address
- commodity support,
- conservation,
- trade and international food aid,
- nutrition assistance,
- farm credit,
- rural development,
- research and extension activities,
- forestry,
- energy,
- horticulture,
- crop insurance,
- livestock and other animals, and
- foreign investments in U.S. agricultural land.
Legislative subjects
Administrative law and regulatory procedures; Advisory bodies; Agricultural conservation and pollution; Agricultural education; Agricultural equipment and machinery; Agricultural insurance; Agricultural marketing and promotion; Agricultural practices and innovations; Agricultural prices, subsidies, credit; Agricultural research; Agricultural trade; Agriculture and Food; Alaska; Alaska Natives and Hawaiians; Alcoholic beverages; Alternative and renewable resources; Animal and plant health; Animal protection and human-animal relationships; Aquaculture; Argentina; Aviation and airports; Biological and life sciences; Birds; Business investment and capital; Buy American requirements; Canada; Child care and development; Civil actions and liability; Commodities markets; Commodity Credit Corporation; Competitiveness, trade promotion, trade deficits; Computers and information technology; Congressional oversight; Consumer affairs; Cultural exchanges and relations; Data collection, sharing, protection; Department of Agriculture; Disability and paralysis; Disability assistance; Drug, alcohol, tobacco use; Economic development; Education of the disadvantaged; Educational facilities and institutions; Educational technology and distance education; Electric power generation and transmission; Elementary and secondary education; Emergency communications systems; Employment and training programs; Energy efficiency and conservation; Farm Credit Administration; Farmland; Federal-Indian relations; Fires; First responders and emergency personnel; Fishes; Floods and storm protection; Food assistance and relief; Food industry and services; Food supply, safety, and labeling; Foreign aid and international relief; Forests, forestry, trees; Fruit and vegetables; Gambling; Government information and archives; Government lending and loan guarantees; Government studies and investigations; Government trust funds; Grain; Hawaii; Hazardous wastes and toxic substances; Health care coverage and access; Health facilities and institutions; Health promotion and preventive care; Health technology, devices, supplies; Higher education; Horticulture and plants; Housing and community development funding; Indian lands and resources rights; Indian social and development programs; Inflation and prices; Infrastructure development; Insects; Intergovernmental relations; Internet, web applications, social media; Lakes and rivers; Land transfers; Latin America; Licensing and registrations; Livestock; Long-term, rehabilitative, and terminal care; Mammals; Manufacturing; Marine and inland water transportation; Marine pollution; Meat; Mental health; Mexico; Migrant, seasonal, agricultural labor; Minority education; Motor fuels; National and community service; Natural disasters; Navigation, waterways, harbors; Nutrition and diet; Pest management; Poverty and welfare assistance; Product safety and quality; Public contracts and procurement; Public utilities and utility rates; Public-private cooperation; Racial and ethnic relations; Research and development; Retail and wholesale trades; Roads and highways; Rural conditions and development; Seafood; Service industries; Social work, volunteer service, charitable organizations; Solid waste and recycling; State and local government operations; Supply chain; Tariffs; Technology transfer and commercialization; Telephone and wireless communication; Texas; Trade agreements and negotiations; Trade restrictions; U.S. and foreign investments; User charges and fees; Veterans' education, employment, rehabilitation; Veterinary medicine and animal diseases; Water quality; Water resources funding; Water storage; Water use and supply; Wetlands; Wisconsin
Committee report
H. Rept. 119-620,Book 1